Galatturoglicani
Pubblicato il 12/12/2014
Fa parte del modulo variabile. Si utilizza in fiale orali o in polvere o in bustine o in polvere galenica associato alla glucosammina solfato, in dosi superiori a 1 g in due somministrazioni giornaliere.
Caratteristiche Farmacologiche:
È estratto dagli squali ed è costituito dal concatenamento alternato di acido D-glucuronico e D-galattosammina, in cui è presente in posizione 4-6 un residuo solforico (condroitin-4 solfato e condroitin-6 solfato). Svolge azione condroprotettiva, appartiene alla classe dei glicosaminoglicani, costituenti essenziali della matrice cartilaginea e della ECM. Nella cartilagine, i glicosaminoglicani sono chimicamente coniugati a proteine con collagene, formando i proteoglicani. Alcune delle azioni evidenziate sono: inibizione di enzimi litici (elastasi, proteasi, ialuronidasi, glucuronidasi, ß-acetil-glucaminidasi). Svolge attività antinfiammatoria attraverso l’inibizione di immunocomplessi originati dal processo flogistico. Le sue indicazioni terapeutiche note sono relative soprattutto all’osteoartrosi e ai dolori articolari, e sono dovute all’inibizione dell’elastasi leucocitaria, enzima di cui sono stati riscontrati elevati tassi nel plasma, ma soprattutto nei liquidi sinoviali di ammalati reumatici. Sarebbero auspicabili studi sulla concentrazione di elastasi nei tessuti neoplastici e limitrofi. L’elastasi leucocitaria è con tutta probabilità una delle cause del sovvertimento strutturale e funzionale della matrice extracellulare, e pertanto anche del tessuto osteoarticolare ricco di proteoglicani e collagene. Le somministrazioni orali e parenterali non hanno evidenziato sensibili differenze di risposte cliniche, né tossicologiche ad eccezione di un sensibile contenimento del fabbisogno di fans e antidolorifici per l’impiego parenterale del Condroitin. Anche nelle lesioni degenerative osteocartilaginee legate alla patologia neoplastica e a sindrome paraneoplastica, concorre a contenere la sintomatologia algica. È indicato in funzione antiblastica e antimetastatica per la sua attività trofica su tutti i tessuti mesenchimali, sulla matrice extracellulare e su tutte quelle strutture esercitanti funzione di contenimento e barriera alla disseminazione neoplastica. È confermata anche da dati recenti della letteratura l’attività citostatica diretta dei galatturoglicani, oltre quella indiretta in qualità di elementi essenziale del trofismo e funzionalità della ECM.
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